According to Najm Suleiman Mahdi in his book "The Faily Kurds, Who are they," is the most important faili Kurdish clans following;
Laki, Luri, Kordali, Ali Sherwan consisting of (his four sons / clans Cheragh Wandi, Safar Wandi, Herwandi, Darawandi), Malek Shahi, Jaberi, Ansari, kalhor, Zouri or Zhohairi, Qaitoli, Khezell, Showhan, Mousie, Warkoz, klawai, Bolia, Maliman, Zangana, Bakhtiari, Zand, Soria-Mori, Mamsani, Jgangi, Papi, Bojarahmad, Kahlgilija, Mishkhas, Hasanwandi, Pirawandi, Kakwandi, Dinawandi, Dohsan, Zouri, Bawe, Larti, Heni-meni, Qazi, Qalawlaws, Aljoi, Mafi, Warizwand, Amreri, Panchseton, Wazrgoush, Tolabi, Siljurzi, Shola, Qaderhama, and Kaka.
Kurds kings of the North!?
By: Ali Saiwaney
According to Snorri king sagas as a historical work with a view of Norway's King variety of Halfdan the Black, and right up to King Magnus Erling said Snorre that all the Norwegian and Nordic kings derived from asa king Odin who was from Åsaheim or Åsaland and Vana-chief Njord and his son Frey from Vanaheim or Vanaland.
Thor Heyerdahl in his book ‘’Hunting on Odin’’ he tried to prove the truth of the stories of Snorri Sturluson in the Yngling Saga, written in the 13th century, the origin of the Norse royal dynasties and the pagan Norse gods. Snorri offers a euhemeristisk (means changing Divine shapes of people) telling how he describes the Norse god asa king Odin who was from Åsaheim or Åsaland and Vana-chief Njord and his son Frey from Vanaheim or Vanaland as real people who emigrated from area by the river Don to Scandinavia when the Romans expanded into their ancient homeland. In Scandinavia, writes Snorri, they made such an impression on the native population that it began to cultivate them as gods.
Heyerdahl was trying to locate the origin of the gods by following the route that Snorri Sturluson described in the Yngling Saga, from the Black Sea and the river Don (formerly Tanakvisl) through Saxony in northern Germany, Odense, to Old Sigtuna, in what today is Sweden. When he died in April 2002, excavations just completed.
First, let’s get to know who Snorri was?
Snorre
Snorre Sturlason by Christian Krohg
One of the richest and ambitious clans in Iceland was Sturlunga, and to this family heard Snorre.
Snorri lived from 1178 – 1241. In 1218 he travel to Norway. Haakon, who would later become the king was only fourteen years.When Snorre came on a visit to Norway, the second time, had broken out a bitter war between Earl Skule and Haakon. Snorri was Skule friend. Later, when the Earl himself became king, he realized that Snorri would not help him to Iceland under Norwegian rule.King Hakon gave so another man in Iceland this mission. Then began a fierce battle between the man and Snorre. Snorri had to flee to Norway again.
After two years in Norway he learned that the other chieftain in Iceland was dead, and now he would go back there. King Haakon refused to let him go, but Snorri went off anyway. Earl, sent a letter to the Island, and ordered the Snorre either were captured and taken to Norway or killed. One autumn evening in 1241 rode Hakon's men Reykjaholt. There they found Snorri who had been hiding in the basement, and carved the head of him. Of his mother had Snorre heard past sagas, and he was interested in living for them.
Snorri wrote the book "Younger Edda". It is divided into three parts. The first part tells the old gods poem. (Some are the same as in "The Elder Edda") The rest of the book is about poetry and language poetry forms. "Younger Edda" is a textbook of skaldic art.But most of all he is known because he wrote the royal sagas. The book is called "Heimskringla" - "Earth's circle." Snorri begins with the earth and continents, but then he goes up to Asgard, where Odin rules. From Odin originated the old Norwegian kings, according to Snorri, and he tells of kings from Halfdan the Black, and right up to King Sverre. Snorri's writings were probably in 1220-35, when he had the most power.
Heimskringla (Edda)
In Snorri's Edda as the world was divided into three parts: from the south and west into the Mediterranean Sea: the part called Africa, in the far south, this continent so hot by the sun that burns. The second part of the world runs from the west and northward into the sea, it's called Europe, or Enea, and where the northern part is called so that it grows, comb, and nobody can live there.
From the north of the eastern states as far south Asia, in the part of the world there is all that is nice and beautiful, and is where the earth gives crops, and gold and precious stones, and there is also the world center. And as the earth is more beautiful and better in every way there than elsewhere, as are also the people higher and knighted with gifts of any kind, wisdom, strength, gender and all sorts of knowledge.
Near the world's center was built houses and hostels as it has the reputation of, and called Troy, what we call Tyrkland.
It must be said that with Tyrkland so did not Snorre meant Turkey. The Turks came much later or the year 1453 was the year they came to Constantinople, today's Istanbul. It was Tyens countries he was referring to. Ty was Nordic war god, was also a common name on the Asen. And Tyrkland means the country of the Asen. Heyerdahl 2001.
According to Snorri, Kringla Home Sinus (earth planet we live on, the Norwegian interpretation) which people live, is much indented by the sea, large bays running from uthavet into the country. We know that there is a sea of Norvasund (Norse name for Gibraltar) all the way to Jorsalalans (the holy land/Jerusalem), from the sea there is a long sea bottom to the northeast, it's called the Black Sea. It separates the three continents, Asia østafor states and countries vestafor call some European and some Enea.
On the north side of the Black Sea is the Great Svithjod (black land) or the cold Svithjod. The northern part of Svithjod is developed beneath a sea of frost and cold. In Svithjod there are many large towns, there are also many kinds of people and many tongues.
From the mountains in the north outside the all-in, drop a river around Svithjod, the devices with the right name Tanais, formerly was called Tanakvisl or Vanakvisl, it falls into the sea in the Black Sea. The country around Vanakvisl was then called Vanaland or Vanaheim. This river separates the continents; east of states Asia, and countries vestafor call by some Europe. (P.26-32)
The country east of Tanakvisl in Asia called Asaland or Asaheim, and the main stronghold in the country was called Asgard. A named Odin, was governor of the castle, where there was a big sacrifice somewhere. It was the custom there that twelve main gods should be the top, they were raw to soft and judge between people, they are called diarrhea or drotner; them to serve the people and obedience.
Odin was a great warrior, he fought and won many kingdoms, and he was so victorious he had happiness in all kinds, and it was that his men believed he could win every battle if he wanted.
Odin attacked with his army against the Vanean, but they stood up well against him and defended the country sits, it changed with a victory for them, they ravaged the country and did great damage. When both parties were tired of this, they decided meeting each other for peace, made peace and gave each other hostages. Vanean gave their best man, it was Njord a Rich man and his son Frey, the Aseans gave the other, a man named Høne(Chicken).
Odin gave Njord and Frey to the Aseans. Njord's daughter was Frey.
There is a large mountain ridge from northeast to southwest, it separates large Svithjod from other kingdoms. South of the mountains are not far to Tyrkland, where Odin had great possessions. At the time of the Roman princes far in the world and conquered all the people and, many chiefs fled from their properties for this strife.
Heyerdahl and Izady
It may be noted that Snorri describes Odin as a mortal prince who lived among ordinary people on the other side of the border pupil towards Asia, east of the Black Sea and south to mountains of Turkey (Western Kurdistan) where Roman officials were coming.
And according to Thor Heyerdahl's book "On the trail of our past", he confirmed not only the geography of Snorre, but also the names of people who lived in these areas from the Caucasus to Turkey (Kurdistan). And that it has actually lived Asean and Vanean in the area that Snorri placed them in. It is even known from Herodotus that the Odin people excited already at least half a millennium before our Odin.
The Median Empire about 549 BC.
We can also see that Snorri tells us about the area that Odin, Njord and his son Frey was from can be placed in areas that at the time of Snorri tells are the Kurdish/Armenian land and much of it is to this day still is Kurdish.
There, among other things, mention the historical Kurdish city of Van as Njord and his children were from and which Snorri genealogy of the Norwegian royal line he started with Odin to Scandinavia, but for Norway, he jumped suddenly from Asean king Odin to Vanean- chief Njord. It was Njord who followed him on the throne. And from Odin's contemporaries, Njord, and up to the Norwegian king, Halfdan the Black mentions Snorre all 28 King's name directly follow on from father to son.
Here it may be okay to mention all the Norwegian kings from Vanaheim or Vanaland;
1.Njord (approx. year 60f.kr.) 11.Agne 21 (Braut-) Anund
2.Frøy 12.Alrek 22.Ingjald
3.Fjolne 13.Yngve 23.Olav Tretelja
4.Sveigde 14Jørund 24.Halvdan White Bone
5.Vanlande 15.Aun 25.Øystein
6.Visbur 16.Egil 26.Halvdan
7.Domalde 17.Ottar 27.Gudrød
8.Domar 18.Adils 28.Halvdan Black (around year 830)
9.Dyggve 19.Øystein
10.Dag 20.Yngvar
Van was part of the Kurdish /Mediske kingdom long before these events as Snorri tells in his book, thus the Romans advancing on Aseans and Vaneans countries.
Turning up in the Encyclopedia Britannica: VAN, the capital of the province of the same name in eastern Turkey. .... The ancient citadel, an eye-catching landmark, is an isolated mountain ridge about. 1 km long that reaches a height of nearly one hundred feet, with the ruins of a fortress on top. The ruins possibly a stone building at the base of the mountain bearing inscriptions in cuneiform dating from the 8th and 7 centuries BC., the time Van was the capital of Uraratu. Other inscriptions, including one on the old Persian, on the smooth, vertical rock wall.
Furthermore, in the Encyclopaedia Britannica of 1979 by beating up Uraratu one can read:
Encyclopaedia Britannica: In 860 BC Assyrians had begun to use the name Uraratu about the kingdom that was around Lake Van in Turkey, and the Uraratu kingdom is often called the kingdom of Van.
And by beating up the word Vanean?
Encyclopaedia Britannica: Vanean, ancient languages in the north-eastern Anatolia, which was used as the official language of Uraratu ...
Uraratu or vanaheim areas that Njord was from the language Urarti was used was around Lake Van.
Urartian is the conventional name of the language that was spoken by inhabitants of the former kingdom of Urartu in Northeast Anatolia (present-day northern Kurdistan), in the region around Lake Van.
Today's inhabitants of Anatolia are talking mostly Turkish language, which came to Anatolia as Turkish peoples conquered the region and formed the Ottoman Empire in the 1200s. Anatolia has still been a multi-ethnic until the 1900s. A Kurdish ethnic and linguistic minority still exists in the southeastern parts of the region.
According to the Kurdish historian Izady the land Snorri describes as Odin's Kingdom or asaheim easily can be placed as part of the Pontiske Kurdish kingdom which stretched as far as the Greeks countries, the Caucasus regions, the southern parts of the way today's Ukraine and all the coastal countries around the Black Sea. The Pontiske Kurdish kingdom was ruled by Mithridates 4. and his reign lasted from the years 121-63 BC. It was this area and many other Kurdish kingdoms were occupied by the expanding Roman Republic.
Heyrdhals also mentions the theory that residents after coming of the wandering Alans. The people who lived in the Caucasus was known as Aseans, and that their neighbors were known as Vaneans.
Anyone with knowledge of the Kurdistan clan geography know that the name Alan is a common name in Kurdistan and that Alan clan is a well-known and ancient clan in Kurdistan with the well-known dynasties under the leadership of the Ard-Alan clan (the great Alan).
It is also well known that the Iranian (Kurdish) Alan Fighters tied a close alliance with the Germanic warriors in the Migration period, especially with the Goths and Vandals.
And when it comes to Vanaheim or areas that Njord was from, you can read in the old Kurdish history in Izadyis book "A consister Handbok of The Kurds" that there were many independent Kurdish kingdom in Kurdistan before they were rounded up to the Mediske Kurdish kingdom (ca. 1100 BC) was the kingdoms Kummuhu, Melidi, Gurgum, Ungi (Unqi), Kammanu, Kasku, Nairi, Shupria, Uriksh, Mushku, Uraratu, Namar, Saubaru, Madu, Lullubi, Kardu, Ellipi, and most importantly, Manna and Qutil.
These names are mainly known today through their Mesopotamian name, waiting to be found in their own ethnic name. Some of these kingdoms, however, has set back the tracks on today's Kurdish towns and clans. The name Mushku has survived today in the city and the Mush (mouse) in the northwest Kurdistan, for instance. Izady 1992.
Conclusion
Everything we know about Odin, Njord and similarities in the names of persons in Norse mythology, Alan Clan and geographic place names in the Black Sea and Caucasus region, and other little details that can be read about in more detail in the books referred to the bibliography makes one to wonder if it could be possible that these men who emigrated from Vanaland and Åsaland to Scandinavia when the Romans expanded and took their old homeland could have been of Kurdish descent?!
One thing one can say with certaintyis that if Njord had its roots from Uraratu (vanaheim) or Odin was Asher and descendant of Alanean people there is no doubt that they were Kurds, and all that followed the throne after them, and to the Norwegian king Halfdan the Black had Kurdish roots and blood in them.
Litteratur:
- Merhdad r. Izady (1992)
The kurds A concise handbokk.
Taylor & Franses, Inc. Washington, DC 20005-3521
- Snorres kongesagaer 1.
Gyldendal Norsk Forlag .Oslo 1979
- Thor Heyrdahl & Per Lillistrøm(2001)
Jakten på Odin. På sporet av vår fortid.
2.oppslag. J.M. Stenrersens Forlag A.S, Oslo 2001.
ISBN 82-7201-316-9
-www.iranchamber.com/historiy/median/median.php
-http://en.wikipedian.org/wiki/image:black-sea-map.png
The Khorshidi Faili Familie united and ruled the Faili Lurs from 1152-1933, on many occasion all of Iraq was ruled by King of Lurs, for eight hundred years the dynasty ruled their areas and other part of today’s Iraq and Iran.
When twentieth century came only Luristan and Japan were independent on Asia continent.
Luristan under Ameer ul Omera Gholam Reza Khan Saare mul Saltenah the King of Lurs, who was candidat from Shia Ulamaa of Iraq to be its King, Faisel a British candidate was chosen instead.
Japan lost its independent too in 1945, ten years after Luristan.
The dynasty of the Lurs Faili royal family:
It is been said that most of rulers of the Faili Rulers were from the Jangrawee tribe whom came from Jabel Somaak in the year of 1152, nowadays northern Syria. Note again Syria in the year 1152 did not exist as it is now. Syria became a state at the current territories in 1948.
The Jangrawee tribe united the Lurs and put Luristan on the map.
The First ruler Husam el deen Rustam his title was Ata beg meaning literary big dad in Mongol language, it was customary to have a Mongol title at that period of time:
1 Husam el deem Rustam 1152--1174
2--Surkhaab ibn Ayar 1174 -1184
3--Shoja el deen Khorsheed 1184--1224 He is the most achieving of all rulers of the Lur and the dynasty goes after his name: The Khorshedee dynasty all the way to Ameer ul Omera Gholam Reza Khan, son of the legendary Hussian Quli Khan Abu ghadareh (father of Simetar) 1860--1896 Khan , 1896 -1933
Shah Abbass waged wars against the Lurs all his life, his biographer Iskander Turkmam detail them. His first campaign began in the years 1554 against Mohamdi , Shahwardi khan great grandfather who defeated Shah Abbass and expeled the Torkic tribes Shah Abbas wanted to settle in Luristan to dilute its population.
Second Hussian Khan was Amer Jang (Prince of war) when his causin Shawardy was killed by Shah Abbass. Hussain Khan assuming power was natural. Hussain Khan Son and Grand Son were named after his cousin Shahwardy Khan.
Hussian Khan conquered Iraq and arrested its Ottoman Ruler Ahmad Pasha and excuted him in Khoramabbad, Iraq became a part of Luristan for 32 years. During the reign of Nader Afshar Lur King Ali Mardan Khani Feili 1698--1724, who was Nader Shah commandant in chief as well as ruler of Luristan, he too conquered Iraq and chased the Othoman Armies to Qaars and Erziroom. At all time the three proviances of now a day Iraq: Diyla, Kirkuk and Kut were de facto part of Luristan till British invasion in 1914.
The Faili kurds and the revolution of the twentieth of the last century
By: Zahra'a Adnan Shafaaq 04.04.11
Day after day, new facts on the participation of the Faily Kurds in political and social life appear…
About the participation of the Faily Kurds in the revolution of the twentieth of the last century
: We have started since 1917 and the years that followed, particularly in the summer of 1920, under the leadership of Chamal Haji Flama Riz and his nephew Malak to go to supporters war against the English in the area of Qasr Shirin and Khanaqin which has lasted for several months from1920, when our brothers in the south began an uprising against the English, we have received news from Sayid Mohammed, who later became the Imam of the mosque of Khilani in Baghdad, to attack the British troops in the area of Khanaqin and Naftkhanah in which we sometimes got into deeply until we reach Ba'aquba. We hit the enemies severely. Those strikes were headed, in particular against the, Anglo - Iranian oil company in Naftkhanah area, as it was under the guard of British troops led by Captain
We were doing quick attacks with Matin Henry rifles and in danger hours we withdrew to the mountains . We got the necessary nutrients from our brothers in the clans of Zurbatia and Badra and Malak Shah. For several times we were able to disable the railway of Ba'aquba - Khanaqin. In the fall of 1920 we lit the fire at the military base in Khanaqin. After a bitter struggle we were forced to withdraw, as we were surprised by the siege imposed on us by the British forces coming from Kermanshah.
Because of the blockade and the resistance 35 out of 110 fighters were killed and wounded, in spite of the fact that we were fighting a supporters war that possess the ability to move quickly when they do operations and withdraw into the mountains after that. But we were forced to stop the war after the betrayal of some groups that were operating in or ranks from the clan of Kalhor. The treason occurred in the hope of getting money, weapons and lands belonging to us from the English.
About The Faili kurds in "Khabat "newspaper(1959-1961)
By: Adnan Rahman Shafaaq 03.04.11
"Khabat –" the struggle "(1959-1961) was the newspaper, of the Kurdistani Democratic Party and here is what was written in it about the Faily Kurds in that time:
"The Faily Kurds are a large segment of the Kurdish people, just like Surani and Behdanani , and their country is vast and the bulk of it is located in the Iranian side, and extends into the Iraqi border until it reaches the Hamrin Mountains series and the eastern shore of the River Tigris, including the cities of Jalula'a, Khanaqin and Naftkhanah and Gazzlerbat and Mandili and Gazzania and Baladruz and Badra and Zurbatia and Sheikh Sa'ad and Ali al-Gharbi and Kumait and some other places.
The problem of the Faily Kurds has emerged in Iraq after the founding of the Iraqi state and fixing the borders between Iraq and Iran, where entire tribes remained inside Iraq and others were divided between the two countries. The later kept their Iranian identity despite the law of Iraqi nationality of 1924 issuance. They were exempted from compulsory military service because of borders problems and their affiliation to the Kurdish Nationality .
Princess QADAM KHAIR
Princess QADAM KHAIR
Shafaaq.com/
She was a Princess from the Principality of Lur Minor. That patient Faily princess rose up in retaliation for the killing of her brother, the last prince of Lur Minor in 1925 by Ridha Shah Pahlawi. She bore, the standard of the revolution and the insurgency when she could in a short period collect a large number of fighters around and vowed to liberate her land and people from the life of humiliation and persecution prevailing in that era. She sent a particular message to Sheikh Mahmoud Al Hafeed offering unifying their efforts to rid the Kurds from grievances of foreign occupation. Meanwhile, Ridha Shah Pahlawi offered to marry her but she refused, saying to him:" I am not a woman but you are a woman." And at the receipt of this reply he equipped an army to eliminate her, so battles broke out between them and ended in favor of Ridha Shah. He arrested her but she did not ask him for forgiveness till she died with her head held high.
Beyrey (Ali Sherwan) is one of the largest Kurdish tribes of Īlām Province in Iran. According to the elders of the tribe, Alisherwan (Founder of the tribe) was a member of the Kurdish tribe of Sanjâbi in Kermanshah province. It is divided into 4 main clans: Hiar wandi, Dara wandi, Safar wandi and Cheragh wandi. The region inhabited by this tribe is southeast of Ilam city all the way to Dareh Shahr. A notable number of members of this tribe lived in Iraq as one of the main branches of Feyli Kurds in Baghdad but they were deported by Saddam Hussein's regime and now live mostly in Europe.
The Ali Sherwan people speak Feyli dialect (Mahaki sub-dialect) of the Kurdish language.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Sherwan"
Mahaki is one of the sub-dialects of Feyli Dialect of Kurdish language. It is spoken by kurdish tribes of Ali Sherwan (Beyrey) in Ilam province of Iran and among almost all the Feyli Kurds living in Baghdad,Mandali,Badrah and zorbatiah in Iraq.This sub- dialect shares many features with Sorani dialect.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahaki"
By: Faryad Zangana
Shafaaq.com
ZANGANA
Zangana is a large well-known tribe, not only in Kurdistan, but also in Iraq, thanks to its great figures and their pioneering role in various political, media and cultural fields ets.. Some of them emerged as media writers, playwrights, statesmen, politicians and military men.
They were always in the foreground and many of them are still in the diplomatic and ministerial corps as well as in the senior positions of the state not only in Iraq, but even in Iran, where this family lives in the area of Kermanshah in East Kurdistan before being displaced to South Kurdistan. They had their own Emirate there which was known as (Ali Khan Alzanganah Emirate) as was pointed out to by Prince Sharafkhan Badlisi in his famous (Sharafnamah). But the emirate was exposed to shocks, and attacks by the Safavid state in Iran. As a result, most of the members of the tribe were displaced to the areas of Crimean in South Kurdistan, specifically in the village (Qitoul) near the township of Sankao and there they founded their second Emirate under the name (Zangana Emirate in Qitoul). Its founder was (Prince Nushirwan Beg, Bin Ali Khan Beg Bin Alzanganah) who was serving as finance minister in the reign of Shah Abbas Safavid II of Iran.
It is worth mentioning that (Nushirwan Beg) had got eleven sons. Four of them were killed in the battles that erupted between them and the Safavids in (Mahi de Shet) on the impact of political differences there.
Any of the historical sources which were written about the Kurdish tribes did not mention any of his other children except (Prince Ismail Beg), who replaced his father and became the Emir of the Emirate of Alzengana being the eldest son of Prince Nushirwan Beg. That was in the year (1035 Hij --1625 AD) .Then he was granted the title of Amiri by the Ottoman Supreme State.
